Construction Labor Costs

Construction compensation increased 0.8% in Q2 (vs. 0.5% in Q1) and 2.5% over the past 12 months.  These represents the largest increases since 2008. (Bureau of Labor and Statistics)

The construction sector comprises establishments primarily engaged in the construction of buildings or engineering projects (e.g., highways and utility systems). Establishments primarily engaged in the preparation of sites for new construction and establishments primarily engaged in subdividing land for sale as building sites also are included in this sector.

Construction work done may include new work, additions, alterations, or maintenance and repairs. Activities of these establishments generally are managed at a fixed place of business, but they usually perform construction activities at multiple project sites. Production responsibilities for establishments in this sector are usually specified in (1) contracts with the owners of construction projects (prime contracts) or (2) contracts with other construction establishments (subcontracts).

Workforce Statistics

This section provides information relating to employment and unemployment in construction. While most data are obtained from employer or establishment surveys, information on industry unemployment comes from a national survey of households. The following tables present an overview of the industry including the number of jobs, the unemployment rate of those previously employed in the industry, job openings and labor turnover, union membership and representation, gross job gains and losses, data for occupations common to the industry, and projections of occupational employment change.

Employment, Unemployment, and Openings, Hires, and Separations

Data series	Back data	Mar. 2016	Apr. 2016	May 2016	Jun. 2016
Employment (in thousands)
Employment, all employees (seasonally adjusted)		6,665	6,659	(P) 6,643	(P) 6,643
Employment, production and nonsupervisory employees (seasonally adjusted)		5,019	5,025	(P) 5,015	(P) 5,004
Unemployment
Unemployment rate		8.7%	6.0%	5.2%	4.6%
Job openings, hires, and separations (in thousands)
Job openings		215	193	(P) 188
Hires		350	460	(P) 380
Separations		280	317	(P) 289
Footnotes (P) Preliminary

(Source: Current Employment Statistics, Current Population Survey, Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey)

Union Membership and Representation

Data series	Back data	2012	2013	2014	2015
Union membership and representation
Members of unions (percent of wage and salary workers)		13.2%	14.1%	13.9%	13.2%
Represented by unions (percent of wage and salary workers)		13.7%	14.9%	14.7%	14.0%

(Source: Current Population Survey)

Dynamic Changes in Employment

Data series	Back data	1st quarter 2015	2nd quarter 2015	3rd quarter 2015	4th quarter 2015
Dynamic changes in employment (in thousands)
Gross job gains		652	693	643	696
Gross job losses		616	599	603	587

(Source: Business Employment Dynamics)

Employment by Occupation

Data series	Employment, 2015
Carpenters	538,350
Construction laborers	731,490
Construction managers	192,690
Electricians	449,040
Operating engineers and other construction equipment operators	226,210

(Source: Occupational Employment Statistics)

Projections

For projected (future) employment estimates, see the National Employment Matrix, which includes employment estimates by industry and occupation for construction.

(Source: Office of Occupational Statistics and Employment Projections)

Earnings and Hours

This section presents data on employee earnings and weekly hours. The latest industry averages of hourly earnings and weekly hours, as well as weekly earnings by union membership status, are shown. In addition, recent hourly and annual earnings are shown for occupations commonly found in construction. This section also contains information on the average cost of benefits paid by employers, as well as recent rates of change in wages and total compensation.

Earnings and Hours of All Employees

Data series	Back data	Mar. 2016	Apr. 2016	May 2016	Jun. 2016
Average hourly earnings		$27.85	$27.95	(P) $28.05	(P) $28.13
Average weekly hours		38.7	39.1	(P) 39.1	(P) 39.2
Footnotes (P) Preliminary

(Source: Current Employment Statistics)

Earnings and Hours of Production and Nonsupervisory Employees

Data series	Back data	Mar. 2016	Apr. 2016	May 2016	Jun. 2016
Average hourly earnings		$25.68	$25.71	(P) $25.83	(P) $25.97
Average weekly hours		39.2	39.7	(P) 39.6	(P) 39.7
Footnotes (P) Preliminary

(Source: Current Employment Statistics)

Union Membership and Representation

Data series	Back data	Median weekly earnings
		2012	2013	2014	2015
Union membership and representation
Full-time workers		$768	$762	$775	$784
Members of unions		$1,086	$1,096	$1,123	$1,099
Represented by unions		$1,069	$1,081	$1,108	$1,093
Nonunion		$722	$713	$724	$743

(Source: Current Population Survey)

Earnings by Occupation

Data series	Wages, 2015
	Hourly		Annual
	Median	Mean	Median	Mean
Carpenters	$20.25	$22.55	$42,120	$46,910
Construction laborers	$15.57	$17.84	$32,380	$37,100
Construction managers	$41.13	$46.29	$85,550	$96,290
Electricians	$24.12	$26.35	$50,160	$54,800
Operating engineers and other construction equipment operators	$22.26	$24.70	$46,310	$51,380

(Source: Occupational Employment Statistics)

Employer Compensation Costs

Data series	Back data	3rd quarter 2015	4th quarter 2015	1st quarter 2016	2nd quarter 2016
12-month percent change
Total compensation		2.1%	2.2%	2.3%	2.5%
Wages and salaries		2.4%	2.6%	2.6%	2.7%

(Source: Compensation Cost Trends)

 

Data series	Back data	1st quarter 2016
		Compensation component ($ per hour worked)	Percent of total compensation
Compensation costs
Total compensation		36.98	100.0
Wages and salaries		25.83	69.8
Total benefits		11.15	30.2
Insurance		2.84	7.7
Retirement		1.90	5.1

(Source: Compensation Cost Trends)

Labor Costs

OCC_CODE	OCC_TITLE	OCC_GROUP	TOT_EMP	EMP_PRSE	H_MEAN	A_MEAN	MEAN_PRSE	H_PCT10	H_PCT25	H_MEDIAN	H_PCT75	H_PCT90	A_PCT10	A_PCT25	A_MEDIAN	A_PCT75	A_PCT90	ANNUAL	HOURLY
11-9020	Construction Managers	broad	239,640	1.0	46.88	97,510	0.5	25.17	32.06	42.02	56.45	74.61	52,350	66,680	87,400	117,420	155,200
11-9021	Construction Managers	detailed	239,640	1.0	46.88	97,510	0.5	25.17	32.06	42.02	56.45	74.61	52,350	66,680	87,400	117,420	155,200
11-9040	Architectural and Engineering Managers	broad	179,770	0.9	68.10	141,650	0.5	40.73	51.11	63.85	79.39	#	84,710	106,320	132,800	165,130	#
11-9041	Architectural and Engineering Managers	detailed	179,770	0.9	68.10	141,650	0.5	40.73	51.11	63.85	79.39	#	84,710	106,320	132,800	165,130	#
17-0000	Architecture and Engineering Occupations	major	2,475,390	0.5	39.89	82,980	0.3	20.18	27.26	36.96	49.38	63.16	41,970	56,700	76,870	102,710	131,360
17-1000	Architects, Surveyors, and Cartographers	minor	168,660	1.1	35.85	74,580	0.6	19.42	25.17	33.23	43.66	55.30	40,390	52,350	69,130	90,810	115,030
17-1010	Architects, Except Naval	broad	113,550	1.4	38.64	80,370	0.7	21.36	27.35	35.60	46.07	58.84	44,440	56,900	74,040	95,830	122,380
17-1011	Architects, Except Landscape and Naval	detailed	93,720	1.6	39.83	82,850	0.8	22.15	28.30	36.59	47.00	60.34	46,080	58,870	76,100	97,760	125,520
17-1012	Landscape Architects	detailed	19,820	4.9	32.98	68,600	1.4	19.34	23.93	30.68	39.83	50.34	40,230	49,780	63,810	82,850	104,710
17-1020	Surveyors, Cartographers, and Photogrammetrists	broad	55,110	1.5	30.12	62,650	0.6	16.32	21.44	28.33	37.33	46.32	33,940	44,580	58,920	77,660	96,340
17-1022	Surveyors	detailed	43,140	1.8	29.75	61,880	0.7	15.79	20.86	27.89	37.13	46.06	32,850	43,380	58,020	77,230	95,800
17-2080	Environmental Engineers	broad	52,600	1.9	42.33	88,040	0.6	24.15	31.06	40.65	51.26	61.75	50,230	64,610	84,560	106,610	128,440
17-2081	Environmental Engineers	detailed	52,600	1.9	42.33	88,040	0.6	24.15	31.06	40.65	51.26	61.75	50,230	64,610	84,560	106,610	128,440
17-3010	Drafters	broad	205,190	1.2	26.84	55,820	0.4	16.15	20.05	25.35	31.85	40.07	33,590	41,700	52,720	66,240	83,350
17-3011	Architectural and Civil Drafters	detailed	95,280	1.7	25.71	53,470	0.5	15.99	19.62	24.38	29.95	37.24	33,260	40,810	50,710	62,290	77,450
17-3025	Environmental Engineering Technicians	detailed	17,360	3.0	24.60	51,170	1.0	14.07	17.71	23.39	29.71	37.30	29,270	36,830	48,650	61,790	77,590
17-3030	Surveying and Mapping Technicians	broad	53,620	2.9	21.54	44,800	0.6	12.53	15.66	20.20	26.20	32.77	26,060	32,580	42,010	54,500	68,160
17-3031	Surveying and Mapping Technicians	detailed	53,620	2.9	21.54	44,800	0.6	12.53	15.66	20.20	26.20	32.77	26,060	32,580	42,010	54,500	68,160
33-9032	Security Guards	detailed	1,097,660	0.9	13.68	28,460	0.5	8.82	9.80	11.84	15.87	21.64	18,350	20,370	24,630	33,000	45,010
37-1010	First-Line Supervisors of Building and Grounds Cleaning and Maintenance Workers	broad	270,360	0.9	20.52	42,680	0.4	11.63	14.53	18.96	24.96	31.88	24,180	30,220	39,440	51,930	66,300
37-2011	Janitors and Cleaners, Except Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners	detailed	2,146,880	0.5	12.59	26,180	0.3	8.44	9.26	11.27	14.72	18.91	17,550	19,270	23,440	30,610	39,320
37-3000	Grounds Maintenance Workers	minor	976,840	0.5	13.50	28,090	0.3	8.93	10.11	12.31	15.64	19.96	18,570	21,040	25,610	32,540	41,510
37-3010	Grounds Maintenance Workers	broad	976,840	0.5	13.50	28,090	0.3	8.93	10.11	12.31	15.64	19.96	18,570	21,040	25,610	32,540	41,510
37-3011	Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers	detailed	895,600	0.6	13.20	27,460	0.3	8.87	10.01	12.03	15.08	19.00	18,460	20,820	25,030	31,370	39,520
37-3019	Grounds Maintenance Workers, All Other	detailed	16,890	5.9	16.03	33,340	2.1	9.11	10.46	14.05	20.20	27.16	18,950	21,750	29,220	42,010	56,480
47-0000	Construction and Extraction Occupations	major	5,477,820	0.3	22.88	47,580	0.2	12.05	15.22	20.33	28.48	37.87	25,050	31,650	42,280	59,240	78,770
47-1010	First-Line Supervisors of Construction Trades and Extraction Workers	broad	517,560	0.6	32.13	66,820	0.2	18.75	23.52	29.84	38.50	48.58	39,000	48,920	62,070	80,080	101,040
47-1011	First-Line Supervisors of Construction Trades and Extraction Workers	detailed	517,560	0.6	32.13	66,820	0.2	18.75	23.52	29.84	38.50	48.58	39,000	48,920	62,070	80,080	101,040
47-2000	Construction Trades Workers	minor	4,076,800	0.3	22.25	46,290	0.2	12.00	15.06	19.72	27.68	36.91	24,970	31,310	41,020	57,580	76,770
47-2020	Brickmasons, Blockmasons, and Stonemasons	broad	74,570	2.4	24.13	50,200	1.0	13.39	16.98	22.32	29.39	38.26	27,850	35,320	46,420	61,130	79,580
47-2021	Brickmasons and Blockmasons	detailed	61,360	2.5	24.88	51,750	1.0	14.33	17.72	23.05	30.07	38.85	29,800	36,860	47,950	62,540	80,800
47-2022	Stonemasons	detailed	13,210	8.1	20.66	42,970	2.6	10.74	13.85	18.57	25.03	33.16	22,350	28,800	38,630	52,060	68,970
47-2030	Carpenters	broad	639,190	0.8	22.49	46,780	0.4	12.61	15.78	20.24	27.39	36.90	26,220	32,810	42,090	56,970	76,750
47-2031	Carpenters	detailed	639,190	0.8	22.49	46,780	0.4	12.61	15.78	20.24	27.39	36.90	26,220	32,810	42,090	56,970	76,750
47-2040	Carpet, Floor, and Tile Installers and Finishers	broad	75,280	2.5	20.76	43,180	1.3	10.73	13.94	18.38	25.42	34.87	22,310	28,990	38,230	52,870	72,530
47-2041	Carpet Installers	detailed	25,810	5.1	20.77	43,210	2.5	10.11	12.91	17.89	25.96	37.36	21,020	26,850	37,220	54,010	77,700
47-2042	Floor Layers, Except Carpet, Wood, and Hard Tiles	detailed	9,830	7.0	20.44	42,520	2.7	11.15	14.06	17.80	24.45	34.68	23,190	29,240	37,030	50,860	72,130
47-2043	Floor Sanders and Finishers	detailed	4,700	9.8	18.35	38,160	3.0	10.30	13.34	17.76	22.85	27.75	21,420	27,750	36,930	47,530	57,730
47-2050	Cement Masons, Concrete Finishers, and Terrazzo Workers	broad	166,610	1.6	20.27	42,150	0.6	12.29	14.75	18.16	23.97	31.48	25,570	30,670	37,780	49,860	65,480
47-2051	Cement Masons and Concrete Finishers	detailed	163,360	1.6	20.23	42,080	0.6	12.28	14.74	18.14	23.93	31.33	25,550	30,660	37,740	49,770	65,160
47-2060	Construction Laborers	broad	887,580	0.8	17.57	36,550	0.3	9.92	12.20	15.34	20.80	29.36	20,640	25,380	31,910	43,260	61,070
47-2061	Construction Laborers	detailed	887,580	0.8	17.57	36,550	0.3	9.92	12.20	15.34	20.80	29.36	20,640	25,380	31,910	43,260	61,070
47-2070	Construction Equipment Operators	broad	411,920	0.8	23.26	48,380	0.3	13.61	16.52	21.06	28.31	37.04	28,310	34,360	43,810	58,890	77,030
47-2080	Drywall Installers, Ceiling Tile Installers, and Tapers	broad	106,000	2.3	22.48	46,760	1.1	12.77	15.76	19.46	26.88	38.84	26,560	32,790	40,470	55,900	80,790
47-2081	Drywall and Ceiling Tile Installers	detailed	88,490	2.5	21.88	45,510	1.2	12.62	15.54	18.85	25.37	37.51	26,250	32,320	39,220	52,770	78,030
47-2110	Electricians	broad	592,230	0.8	26.73	55,590	0.5	15.10	18.74	24.94	32.95	42.37	31,410	38,990	51,880	68,540	88,130
47-2111	Electricians	detailed	592,230	0.8	26.73	55,590	0.5	15.10	18.74	24.94	32.95	42.37	31,410	38,990	51,880	68,540	88,130
47-2120	Glaziers	broad	44,230	3.6	21.84	45,420	1.2	12.28	15.41	18.96	26.17	38.01	25,550	32,060	39,440	54,440	79,050
47-2121	Glaziers	detailed	44,230	3.6	21.84	45,420	1.2	12.28	15.41	18.96	26.17	38.01	25,550	32,060	39,440	54,440	79,050
47-2140	Painters and Paperhangers	broad	216,340	1.2	19.47	40,490	0.8	11.47	14.07	17.57	23.18	30.33	23,850	29,270	36,550	48,220	63,090
47-2141	Painters, Construction and Maintenance	detailed	213,330	1.3	19.49	40,540	0.8	11.49	14.10	17.59	23.21	30.37	23,900	29,320	36,580	48,280	63,170
47-2142	Paperhangers	detailed	3,020	13.1	17.60	36,610	4.2	10.21	12.86	16.15	20.79	27.99	21,230	26,740	33,590	43,240	58,220
47-2150	Pipelayers, Plumbers, Pipefitters, and Steamfitters	broad	432,380	1.1	25.89	53,860	0.5	13.86	17.66	23.72	32.01	42.12	28,820	36,720	49,340	66,570	87,610
47-2151	Pipelayers	detailed	40,710	2.6	20.15	41,910	0.9	12.33	14.48	18.16	24.60	32.01	25,640	30,120	37,780	51,180	66,580
47-2152	Plumbers, Pipefitters, and Steamfitters	detailed	391,680	1.2	26.49	55,100	0.5	14.27	18.20	24.34	32.82	43.13	29,680	37,860	50,620	68,270	89,720
47-2160	Plasterers and Stucco Masons	broad	22,420	4.8	20.22	42,070	1.7	12.33	15.06	17.94	23.64	31.60	25,640	31,310	37,320	49,170	65,730
47-2161	Plasterers and Stucco Masons	detailed	22,420	4.8	20.22	42,070	1.7	12.33	15.06	17.94	23.64	31.60	25,640	31,310	37,320	49,170	65,730
47-2180	Roofers	broad	109,720	1.7	19.54	40,630	1.3	11.81	14.12	17.65	23.51	29.90	24,560	29,380	36,720	48,900	62,180
47-2181	Roofers	detailed	109,720	1.7	19.54	40,630	1.3	11.81	14.12	17.65	23.51	29.90	24,560	29,380	36,720	48,900	62,180
47-2210	Sheet Metal Workers	broad	135,570	2.2	23.95	49,810	0.9	12.39	16.02	21.99	29.55	40.01	25,760	33,310	45,750	61,460	83,230
47-2211	Sheet Metal Workers	detailed	135,570	2.2	23.95	49,810	0.9	12.39	16.02	21.99	29.55	40.01	25,760	33,310	45,750	61,460	83,230
47-2220	Structural Iron and Steel Workers	broad	64,280	2.7	26.32	54,750	1.1	14.31	17.55	24.28	33.43	43.50	29,770	36,500	50,490	69,530	90,490
47-2221	Structural Iron and Steel Workers	detailed	64,280	2.7	26.32	54,750	1.1	14.31	17.55	24.28	33.43	43.50	29,770	36,500	50,490	69,530	90,490
47-3000	Helpers, Construction Trades	minor	228,710	1.4	14.37	29,890	0.4	9.49	11.17	13.64	16.80	20.21	19,740	23,230	28,380	34,940	42,030
47-3010	Helpers, Construction Trades	broad	228,710	1.4	14.37	29,890	0.4	9.49	11.17	13.64	16.80	20.21	19,740	23,230	28,380	34,940	42,030
47-3011	Helpers–Brickmasons, Blockmasons, Stonemasons, and Tile and Marble Setters	detailed	22,970	3.6	15.43	32,090	1.2	9.99	11.73	14.09	17.69	23.19	20,770	24,390	29,320	36,790	48,240
47-3012	Helpers–Carpenters	detailed	37,820	3.2	14.04	29,200	0.8	9.27	10.85	13.41	16.50	19.64	19,280	22,560	27,890	34,310	40,840
47-3013	Helpers–Electricians	detailed	71,610	2.5	14.42	30,000	0.8	9.46	11.29	13.81	16.97	20.16	19,680	23,480	28,730	35,300	41,940
47-3014	Helpers–Painters, Paperhangers, Plasterers, and Stucco Masons	detailed	11,030	7.4	13.31	27,690	1.5	9.24	10.49	12.73	14.84	18.19	19,220	21,830	26,480	30,870	37,830
47-3015	Helpers–Pipelayers, Plumbers, Pipefitters, and Steamfitters	detailed	55,530	3.1	14.40	29,950	0.9	9.64	11.28	13.70	16.82	20.02	20,050	23,470	28,500	34,980	41,640
47-3016	Helpers–Roofers	detailed	10,810	5.6	13.38	27,820	1.1	9.46	10.82	13.04	15.58	18.17	19,680	22,500	27,110	32,400	37,800
47-3019	Helpers, Construction Trades, All Other	detailed	18,930	4.2	14.66	30,500	1.1	9.47	11.12	13.71	17.19	21.54	19,690	23,120	28,510	35,750	44,800
47-4010	Construction and Building Inspectors	broad	91,480	1.2	28.86	60,030	0.5	16.73	21.39	27.57	35.36	44.04	34,800	44,490	57,340	73,560	91,600
47-4011	Construction and Building Inspectors	detailed	91,480	1.2	28.86	60,030	0.5	16.73	21.39	27.57	35.36	44.04	34,800	44,490	57,340	73,560	91,600
47-4050	Highway Maintenance Workers	broad	142,300	1.2	18.36	38,200	0.3	11.35	14.15	17.75	22.21	26.38	23,600	29,430	36,930	46,200	54,870
47-4051	Highway Maintenance Workers	detailed	142,300	1.2	18.36	38,200	0.3	11.35	14.15	17.75	22.21	26.38	23,600	29,430	36,930	46,200	54,870
47-4099	Construction and Related Workers, All Other	detailed	32,420	3.7	18.99	39,500	1.3	11.16	13.68	17.45	22.55	28.80	23,200	28,460	36,300	46,900	59,900
47-5020	Earth Drillers, Except Oil and Gas	broad	19,490	3.6	24.92	51,840	3.3	13.64	16.68	21.27	27.93	36.62	28,370	34,700	44,240	58,100	76,160
47-5021	Earth Drillers, Except Oil and Gas	detailed	19,490	3.6	24.92	51,840	3.3	13.64	16.68	21.27	27.93	36.62	28,370	34,700	44,240	58,100	76,160
47-5080	Helpers–Extraction Workers	broad	22,820	4.6	17.83	37,080	1.1	11.88	13.82	17.19	21.36	24.63	24,700	28,740	35,760	44,430	51,230
47-5081	Helpers–Extraction Workers	detailed	22,820	4.6	17.83	37,080	1.1	11.88	13.82	17.19	21.36	24.63	24,700	28,740	35,760	44,430	51,230
49-2093	Electrical and Electronics Installers and Repairers, Transportation Equipment	detailed	14,210	4.8	28.41	59,080	1.2	17.72	23.57	28.36	33.92	38.92	36,860	49,020	58,990	70,560	80,950
49-2094	Electrical and Electronics Repairers, Commercial and Industrial Equipment	detailed	69,290	1.7	27.25	56,670	0.7	16.62	21.35	26.77	32.20	38.00	34,570	44,400	55,690	66,970	79,030
49-2095	Electrical and Electronics Repairers, Powerhouse, Substation, and Relay	detailed	23,070	3.0	34.83	72,450	0.7	23.94	30.62	35.49	40.59	46.10	49,800	63,680	73,810	84,420	95,890
49-3040	Heavy Vehicle and Mobile Equipment Service Technicians and Mechanics	broad	180,400	1.1	23.17	48,180	0.4	14.11	17.60	22.65	28.02	33.58	29,360	36,600	47,120	58,290	69,840
49-9010	Control and Valve Installers and Repairers	broad	60,440	2.4	24.55	51,060	0.9	13.54	17.12	22.79	31.08	38.67	28,150	35,610	47,400	64,640	80,440
49-9012	Control and Valve Installers and Repairers, Except Mechanical Door	detailed	42,510	2.4	26.81	55,760	0.9	14.77	18.82	26.01	34.23	41.41	30,720	39,150	54,100	71,200	86,140
49-9043	Maintenance Workers, Machinery	detailed	92,520	1.5	21.41	44,540	0.4	12.81	16.33	20.80	25.92	30.39	26,650	33,970	43,260	53,920	63,200
49-9051	Electrical Power-Line Installers and Repairers	detailed	115,380	1.8	31.57	65,650	0.7	17.31	24.12	31.95	38.63	46.15	36,000	50,160	66,450	80,360	95,990
49-9070	Maintenance and Repair Workers, General	broad	1,314,560	0.4	18.73	38,950	0.2	10.44	13.41	17.61	23.05	28.88	21,700	27,890	36,630	47,950	60,060
49-9071	Maintenance and Repair Workers, General	detailed	1,314,560	0.4	18.73	38,950	0.2	10.44	13.41	17.61	23.05	28.88	21,700	27,890	36,630	47,950	60,060
49-9096	Riggers	detailed	22,790	4.2	22.97	47,770	3.0	12.92	15.72	20.78	27.59	35.52	26,880	32,700	43,220	57,390	73,880
49-9098	Helpers–Installation, Maintenance, and Repair Workers	detailed	124,220	1.5	13.71	28,530	0.5	8.81	10.06	12.69	16.29	20.49	18,320	20,920	26,400	33,890	42,620
51-2040	Structural Metal Fabricators and Fitters	broad	79,620	2.3	18.77	39,040	0.7	11.84	14.38	17.81	22.30	27.56	24,620	29,910	37,050	46,390	57,330
51-2041	Structural Metal Fabricators and Fitters	detailed	79,620	2.3	18.77	39,040	0.7	11.84	14.38	17.81	22.30	27.56	24,620	29,910	37,050	46,390	57,330
51-4193	Plating and Coating Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic	detailed	35,640	2.8	15.83	32,930	0.8	9.97	11.89	14.69	18.60	23.68	20,730	24,720	30,550	38,680	49,250
51-7010	Cabinetmakers and Bench Carpenters	broad	93,650	1.9	16.34	33,980	0.6	9.88	12.20	15.52	19.24	24.01	20,550	25,380	32,270	40,020	49,940
51-7011	Cabinetmakers and Bench Carpenters	detailed	93,650	1.9	16.34	33,980	0.6	9.88	12.20	15.52	19.24	24.01	20,550	25,380	32,270	40,020	49,940
51-9120	Painting Workers	broad	156,550	1.4	17.84	37,110	0.5	10.52	12.92	16.51	21.29	27.36	21,890	26,880	34,340	44,290	56,910
51-9123	Painting, Coating, and Decorating Workers	detailed	16,020	4.2	15.01	31,210	1.1	9.32	11.08	14.07	17.65	22.33	19,390	23,050	29,270	36,720	46,440
51-9198	Helpers–Production Workers	detailed	439,000	1.6	12.50	26,010	0.4	8.62	9.55	11.52	14.53	18.15	17,930	19,860	23,960	30,230	37,760
53-7020	Crane and Tower Operators	broad	46,490	2.9	26.23	54,560	1.2	15.10	18.90	24.83	31.76	39.79	31,410	39,310	51,650	66,050	82,760
53-7021	Crane and Tower Operators	detailed	46,490	2.9	26.23	54,560	1.2	15.10	18.90	24.83	31.76	39.79	31,410	39,310	51,650	66,050	82,760
53-7030	Dredge, Excavating, and Loading Machine Operators	broad	54,930	2.8	21.54	44,810	1.3	12.86	15.80	19.54	26.01	33.54	26,740	32,860	40,650	54,090	69,770
53-7031	Dredge Operators	detailed	1,850	8.8	21.18	44,040	2.6	12.38	15.82	19.26	25.51	32.54	25,760	32,910	40,060	53,070	67,690
53-7040	Hoist and Winch Operators	broad	2,880	7.0	24.37	50,680	4.8	12.85	16.00	20.30	30.34	43.84	26,720	33,280	42,220	63,110	91,190
53-7041	Hoist and Winch Operators	detailed	2,880	7.0	24.37	50,680	4.8	12.85	16.00	20.30	30.34	43.84	26,720	33,280	42,220	63,110	91,190
53-7120	Tank Car, Truck, and Ship Loaders	broad	11,960	9.4	19.72	41,010	2.6	10.76	13.61	17.63	23.62	33.57	22,370	28,320	36,660	49,120	69,820
53-7121	Tank Car, Truck, and Ship Loaders	detailed	11,960	9.4	19.72	41,010	2.6	10.76	13.61	17.63	23.62	33.57	22,370	28,320	36,660	49,120	69,820