Chronic respiratory illness, including asthma and allergies, have been on the rise in the U.S. over the past few decades.1 One influence on the increasing rates of asthma and allergies is poor indoor air quality (IAQ) and the presence of indoor pollutants.2
Many flooring products have historically been manufactured with chemicals such as ortho-phthalates, formaldehyde, and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) that, when emitted from those products, can have adverse effects on human and environmental health and contribute to indoor air pollution.10 To combat this and instead promote good IAQ, designers and architects should look for flooring products that are independently certified for low or no levels of known indoor irritants and consider floors that are easy to clean and maintain, and do not contain high levels of volatile organic compounds (VOCs).
Common indoor air pollutants
Many factors can contribute to indoor air pollution. They include paints, adhesives, and solvents; flooring, interior finishes, and furniture that contain high levels of VOCs from chemicals used in their manufacturing; chemical cleaners used to maintain indoor environments; mold growth; and dust mites, among others.4 HVAC systems can filter out some of these airborne pollutants, but the filtration of many systems is poor.
Outdoor air pollution, such as ozone, pollen, diesel fumes, and smoke, can influence IAQ when it leaks inside. These substances can enter in three ways. First, through natural ventilation, such as fans and opening doors and windows. Second, through mechanical ventilation, such as HVAC systems. Third, through infiltration, which is when pollutants leak in through openings, joints, and cracks in the walls, floors, and ceilings, as well as cracks around windows and doors.5
Whether they originate from inside or outside, these airborne pollutants, allergens, and triggers can migrate within indoor spaces and settle on furniture, flooring, and any other open surface. Poor indoor ventilation can worsen IAQ, as it prevents the air from circulating freely and diluting pollutants.6
