1. Life-cycle management and total cost of ownership of the built environment are not understood, nor taught in schools or the professional sector the most part.

2. A BIM Ontology is non-existent.

3. Collaborative construction delivery methods are critical requirements to BIM and equally lack general awareness.

4. BIM remains 3d visualization centered.  Life-cycle management of the built environment supported by digital technology…aka BIM, can most certainly be implemented without 3d visualization.  In point of fact, 3d visualization is secondary to robust, collaborative business processes.