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INSPECTION OF A BRIDGE STRUCTURE - The Constructor

The Constructor

Hence, the bridge must be regularly inspected and maintained for the benefit of its users. There are three levels of inspection: 1. General inspection: Usual inspection of representative parts of a structure. Carried out nor more than two years after last general or principal inspection.

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TYPES OF CRACKS IN CONCRETE BEAMS

The Constructor

Cracks in concrete beams due to increased shear stress 2. Cracks in concrete beams due to corrosion or insufficient concrete cover 3. Cracks parallel to main steel in case of corrosion in beams 4. Cracks due to increased bending stress in beams 5.

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STRUCTURAL USES OF PRECAST CONCRETE

The Constructor

Use of Precast Concrete in frames: There are two main types of precast building frame. The structural frame consists of slabs, beams and columns. Structural frames are mainly used for offices, car parks and retail developments. The cross-wall frame consists of floor slabs and solid walls.

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TEMPERATURE EFFECTS ON CONCRETE

The Constructor

The size of movement depends upon the change in temperature and the coefficient of thermal expansion o f concrete. The coefficient of thermal expansion of concrete is influenced largely by the coefficient of thermal expansion of the aggregates since the aggregate occupies 70-80% of the volume of the concrete.

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BENEFITS OF USING STEEL FIBRES IN CONCRETE

The Constructor

The benefits of using steel fibres in concrete are as follows: 1. Steel Fibres are generally distributed throughout a given cross section whereas reinforcing bars or wires are placed only where required 2. Steel fibres are relatively short and closely spaced as compared with countinuous reinforcing bars of wires.

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TYPES OF CRACKS IN REINFORCED CONCRETE SLABS

The Constructor

Cracks in reinforced concrete columns due to Steel Corrosion (cracks parallel to steel bars) 2. Cracks in reinforced concrete columns due to shrinkage of concrete 3. Cracks in reinforced concrete columns due to increased load on the slab 4. Cracks in reinforced concrete columns due to sulphate attack 5.

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REINFORCEMENT COVER AND PRE-CONCRETE CHECKS

The Constructor

From the diagram above, we can see how the process unfolds. When the binding has set, the steel bars are placed into position.

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